| 360: Meaning a "360-degree penalty turn", one complete circle sailed as a penalty for hitting a buoy. 720: Meaning a "720-degree penalty turn", two complete circles sailed as a penalty for breaching a rule. Abandon: A ruling by the Race Committee or jury to void a race, although it may be sailed again later. Ballast: Extra weight carried for stability, usually lodged in the keel. Bear away: To alter course away from the wind. Beat: The line taken to sail most directly into the wind (about 45 degrees from wind direction); also known as "work". Buoy: A rounding mark that floats on the water, denoting the required course. DNC: Meaning "did not compete", the ruling when a boat fails to compete in a scheduled race and is awarded the maximum number of points for the race. DND: Meaning "disqualification not discardable", the ruling when the jury disqualifies a boat from a race and awards the maximum number of points for the race, points which may not be discarded from the overall score later. DNF: Meaning "did not finish", the ruling when a boat fails to finish a race and is awarded the maximum number of points for the race. DNS: Meaning "did not start", the ruling when a competing boat fails to start a race and is awarded the maximum number of points for that race. DSQ: Meaning "disqualified", the ruling when the jury disqualifies a boat from a race and awards the maximum number of points for the race. Fleet racing: A style of race where all the competitors sail against each other at once, the predominant form of sailing at the Olympic Games. Forestay: The rigging that secures the mast forward. Gybe: To shift the mainsail from one side to the other when sailing with the wind behind; also "jibe". Headsail: The sail in front of the mast. Jibe: To shift the mainsail from one side to the other when sailing with the wind behind; also "gybe". Leeward: The side farthest from the wind. Leg: A part of the course bounded by two marks or buoys. Luffing: Altering course toward the wind. Mark: A buoy that defines the endpoint of a leg of a race. Mast: A vertical spar or pole to which a sail or sails attach. Match racing: One-on-one racing between two boats, a component of the programme for the Soling class at the Olympic Games. OCS: Meaning "on course side", a ruling where a boat is deemed to have started a race prematurely and is subsequently disqualified from the race and awarded the maximum number of points. Open: A style of competition in which both men and women may enter. Port: A boat's left side when looking forward. Pre-start manoeuvres: Tactical manoeuvres in the water carried out with the intention of being in the best possible position for the starting signal. Race committee: The on-water officials responsible for setting the course and starting and finishing the race in accordance with the race rules and regulations. RDG: Meaning "redress", a ruling where the jury reinstates or changes a boat's score for a particular race, based on a protest hearing. Reach: To sail across the wind, or between the extremes of beat and run. Rudder: A vertical board hinged to the back of a boat that turns the craft. Run: The course taken to sail most directly downwind, or with the wind. Starboard: A boat's right side when looking forward. Tack: To change direction relative to wind direction (usually in a zigzag manner over the duration of an upwind leg), such as changing from having the wind on the right to having the wind on the left. Trapezoidal: A four-leg course configuration with separate starting and finish lines. Windward: The side closest to the wind. Windward return: A type of course configuration requiring the boats to sail into the wind to a mark, then with the wind when returning to a second mark . Work: The course taken to sail most directly into the wind (about 45 degrees from wind direction); also known as "beat". Credit: IOC
For further info., please visit http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/disciplines_uk.asp?DiscCode=SA.
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